Between 3,000,000 and 3,200,000 tons of wheat-flour are produced annually.
The foreign commerce of the Philippines consists chiefly in the exportation of Manila hemp, dried coco-nut meat (copra), sugar and tobacco, both in the leaf and in cigars and cigarettes; and in the importation of cotton goods, rice, wheat-flour, fresh beef, boots and shoes, iron and steel, illuminating oil, liquors, paper and paper goods.
A common Persian sweetmeat consists of wheat-flour kneaded with manna into a thick paste.
Rice does not grow well in the arid north, so noodles and steamed buns made of wheat flour are consumed frequently.
The following recipes all use wholemeal wheat flour or spelled flour.