No one can deny the general unscientific, uncritical nature of "medieval" thought.
The methods of agriculture are still unscientific and unprogressive.
The reason for this is to be sought partly in the unscientific methods of cultivation, and partly, in many districts, in the haphazard methods of vinification employed.
At the most it only presupposes a comparison with other versions, equally second-hand, but either less generally accepted or less in harmony with his own views of the situation; and in many cases the reasons he gives for his preference of one account over another are eminently unscientific. Livy's history, then, rests on no foundation of original research or even of careful verification.
But from these unscientific utterances to a philosophy of morals was a long process.