It was from the Moravians that Schleiermacher learnt his religion, and they even made a passing impression on Goethe; but both these men were repelled by their doctrine of the substitutionary sufferings of Christ.
Likewise, substitutionary atonement is a vital element in the gospel.
Mark Cartledge reports on the symposium held at the London School of Theology to further public debate on the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement.
We believe that those who promote the notion of universal atonement misrepresent the substitutionary nature of our Lord Jesus Christ's death.
The phrase penal substitutionary atonement is normally applied to the restatement of this by John Calvin.