In the 10th century the centre of interest is in the court of Saif ud-Daula (addaula) at Aleppo.
Wellhausen has thoroughly examined the work of Saif in Skizzen and Vorarbeiten, vi.
Nall is given along with his own former title, Saif addaula Mahmud.
Later the brothers Nasir ad-Daula and Saif ad-Daula ruled over Mesopotamia and North Syria respectively.
Mesopotamia fell to one of his sons, Saif ad-Din, and branches sprang up at Sinjar and Jezira.