The fact that Seaton beach overlies estuarine alluvium is clear evidence that it has experienced landward translation.
In 1879 the landward end of the new western breakwater or " harbor arm " had been finished.
We saw peewit, swan, heron, shellduck and other duck on the landward side of the path.
As this commanded the "Vindictive's" berth and would form a rallying point for reinforcements from landward, it was to be seized by four companies of Royal Marines - A (Chatham) under Maj.
The danger of the attack from landward had been removed by the destruction of the viaduct.