In August 1847 he was breveted lieutenantcolonel for gallant and meritorious conduct at Contreras and Churubusco.
He was promoted to be brigadiergeneral of volunteers in September 1861, and to be major-general of volunteers in July 1862, earned the brevet of lieutenant-colonel in the regular army at the capture of Nashville, Tennessee, that of colonel at Shiloh, and that of brigadier-general at Perryville, and in March 1865 was breveted major-general for his services during the war.
In September 1783 he was breveted major-general.
He served in the Black Hawk and Seminole wars, and left the army in 1837 to become a civil engineer, but a year afterwards he was reappointed to the army as first lieutenant, Topographical Engineers, and breveted captain for his conduct in the Seminole war.
On the 1st of July 1844 he was breveted, and on the 18th of June 1846 commissioned second lieutenant.