A Cuban international question had arisen before 1820.
In each diocese there had arisen a judicature (judices pacis) to decide when the form had been broken; and an executive, or communitas pacis, had been formed to enforce the decisions of the judicature.
If so, there is an alternative method by which the endopterygotous may have arisen from the exopterygotous condition.
The difficulties which had arisen between Isaac Angelus and Frederick Barbarossa contain the germs of the Fourth Crusade; the negotiations between Richard and Saladin contain the germs of the Sixth.
Meanwhile a new power had arisen in India.
