But the relation of East and West during the Crusades was not merely hostile or negative.
The crusades subjected the Jews to this ordeal.
But in the Crusades we already see an event occupying its definite place in history and without which we cannot imagine the modern history of Europe, though to the chroniclers of the Crusades that event appeared as merely due to the will of certain people.
The lay basis of the Third Crusade made it, in one sense, the greatest of all Crusades, in which all the three great monarchs of western Europe participated; but it also made it a failure, for the kings of France and England, changing caelum, non animum, carried their political rivalries into the movement, in which it had been agreed that they should be sunk.
The kingdom of Lesser Armenia, established in 1195, may also be regarded as a result of the Crusades.
